Stack

Vertical flow with consistent spacing, ideal for forms, card content, and content blocks.

Use stack for forms, card content, modal bodies, side panels, and documentation blocks.

Like .cluster, stack owns its children's block-axis spacing: direct-child block margins are reset, so vertical rhythm always comes from --gap. Inline margins stay free — for example margin-inline: auto on a child centers it without fighting the primitive.

Don't wrap full-width regions with .stack

.stack is a column flex container, so a .center child — which sets its own inline-size and margin-inline: auto — becomes a flex item that will not stretch across the full row; it sizes to its content measure and centers inside the flex line. For page-level full-width regions that each constrain their own content, keep them in normal block flow instead:

<header class="center">…</header>
<main class="center">…</main>
<footer class="center">…</footer>

Use .stack for the vertical rhythm between related items inside one region, not as the wrapper that lays out independent full-width regions of a page.

Choosing a density

--gap is the primitive's channel, and the density context variants set it at the point of use. Apply the density class on the stack itself to size one instance, or on an ancestor to reach nested layouts. Pick the one that matches how tightly the children belong together:

One typographic unit means a name and a job title, or a figure and its caption. A homogeneous series means a radio list, a checkbox list, or a compact vertical menu.

The distinction between the first two matters. 42 above Open issues is almost a single block of text, so it takes gap-none. Three .choice labels stay three separate controls that happen to form one group, so they take compact — tighter than the default, but still spaced.

.compact and .spacious rebind --gap to --space-20 and --space-50. Because the token is inherited, the same two classes also tighten the inner gap of any nested stack, cluster, and grid. For a one-off gap that must not follow density, set the gap property directly on the instance (the next section explains why).

A stack that mixes kinds keeps the default: five .field wrappers and one lone .choice is a form that contains a checkbox, not a list of options, and tightening it would squeeze the fields.

Region rhythm goes on gap, not on --gap

A container that composes other primitives owns its rhythm through the gap property. Setting --gap on it instead re-spaces everything it contains, at any depth:

/* Leaks: --gap is inherited, so every nested stack, cluster and grid — down to
   a radio list inside a field-group — is pushed to 24px too. */
.app-region {
  --gap: var(--space-50);
}

/* Owns its own rhythm and nothing else. Nested primitives keep --gap. */
.app-region {
  gap: var(--space-50);
}

Both give the region the same spacing; only the second stops there. This is what makes a nested .stack compact a real density choice — 12px down to 8px — rather than a patch cancelling a rhythm inherited from three levels up.

Setting --gap is still the right move on the element that consumes it: a one-off --gap on a card body or an actions row tunes that primitive and nothing below it, because the setter is the consumer. The leak only appears when a container sets the token and its children read it.

.compact and .spacious are the deliberate exception: they set --gap precisely so a density context reaches nested layouts.

Grouping items tightly

Stack spacing is a --gap between every direct child; the primitive cannot tighten two specific children by itself. To group a few items into one unit (a title and its description), nest a .stack gap-none:

The outer stack keeps its rhythm between groups; the inner gap-none unit owns the tight pairing.

For a one-off adjacency — pull a single child closer to its neighbour without adding a wrapper — the escape hatch is app CSS. gap and margin-block are additive, so a negative block margin on the child cancels the following gap:

.stack > .profile-row {
  margin-block-end: calc(var(--gap) * -1);
}

The stack resets child block margins to zero, so this re-adds a margin on that one child only; the rest of the stack keeps its rhythm.